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The anterior chamber angle (also called the iridocorneal angle) is the angle formed between the cornea and the iris. This angle contains the eye’s "drainage system" - the trabecular meshwork and the Schlemm’s canal. It is in this angle the fluid in the eye (called the aqueous humour) drains away. Our eyes continually produce fluids, and this angle determines how well the fluid drains. When the angle is open, there is normal fluid drainage, hence the pressure within the eye, c

Visual field testing aims to test the sensitivity of the peripheral retina, that is, how good the side, paracentral, or surrounding vision is. This is important as any changes or loss in periphery vision can go undetected by the person him/herself - this is because any loss or reduction in our central vision is easily 'seen' by us, but not for our 'side vision'. Reasons for Doing Visual Field Testing: Visual field testing is performed to: 1. Detect and Monitor Glaucoma Glauco

Retinopexy is a medical procedure used to treat a retinal tear or help repair a retinal detachment. Its main goal is to prevent vision loss by sealing the retina back against the wall of the eye. Purpose The retina is the thin layer of light-sensitive tissue at the back of the eye. If there is a tear, fluid in the eye can pass underneath it, leading to a retinal detachment. This is a serious condition that can cause permanent vision loss. Hence, retinopexy is performed with t

Lorem Ipsum Blurry vision? Refractive Errors: Understanding Common Prescriptive Issues Refractive errors are among the most common causes of blurred vision. They occur when the shape of the cornea or length of the eyeball prevents light from focusing directly and sharply on the retina, or when the natural lens in the eye loses the ability to adjust focus, resulting in unclear images. The four main types are myopia, hyperopia, astigmatism, and presbyopia. Myopia (Near-Sightedn

High eye pressure, also known as ocular hypertension, occurs when the pressure inside the eye (intraocular pressure, or IOP) is higher than normal. While it may not cause immediate symptoms, persistently elevated pressure can damage the optic nerve (the part of the eye that transmit visual infomation to the brain) and increase the risk of developing glaucoma, and causing irreversible vision loss. Causes Eye pressure rises when the eye’s internal fluid ( known as aqueous humou

Laser Peripheral Iridotomy (LPI), also called laser iridotomy, is a common outpatient laser procedure used primarily to treat or prevent angle-closure glaucoma (also known as narrow-angle or closed-angle glaucoma). Why do we perform it? The main reason is to address or prevent a dangerous buildup of pressure inside the eye (intraocular pressure, also called IOP) that can damage the optic nerve and lead to permanent vision loss. In a healthy eye, the fluid in the eye is const

Red eyes from wearing contact lenses? Here are some possible complications resulting from contact lens wear: Microbial Keratitis Microbial Keratitis (also called infectious or infective keratitis) is one of the most serious complications, involving bacterial, fungal, or parasitic (e.g., Acanthamoeba) infection of the cornea. It is strongly linked to poor lens hygiene, overnight wear, or contaminated solutions, causing severe pain, redness, discharge, light sensitivity, and bl

Retinal bleeding (also called retinal hemorrhage) occurs when blood vessels in the retina - the light-sensitive layer at the back of the eye - leak or rupture. This can lead to vision problems like floaters, blurred vision, or even severe vision loss if untreated. It's often a sign of an underlying issue rather than a standalone condition. Dot-blot haemorrhages or bleeding on the retina. Common causes include: Trauma or injury: A blow to the head or eye (from accidents, falls

Optometrists and opticians play an important role in screening and assessing the general public for eye diseases, and making a call on whether it requires an urgent referral. Through routine vision testing when a client comes in for eyeglasses, optometrists and opticians are the first-line in detecting potential eye conditions and diseases. By identifying red-flag symptoms such as sudden vision changes, field defects, or signs of retinal detachment that necessitate urgent oph

Seek immediate medical care or go to the emergency room if you have: Sudden loss of vision in one or both eyes New flashes of light, many floaters, or a dark curtain/shadow in your vision Severe eye pain, especially if it comes on suddenly Red eye with pain, light sensitivity, or blurry vision Chemical exposure to the eye Eye injury or trauma, including being hit in the eye Sudden double vision Eye pain with headache, nausea, or vomiting Halos around lights with eye pain or n

An epiretinal membrane (also known as ERM) is a thin layer of fibrous tissue that forms on the surface of the retina, most often over the macula. What causes it? ERM is most commonly age-related, following normal vitreous separation. However, it can also develop after retinal surgery, inflammation, trauma, vascular disease, or retinal tears. 1. Idiopathic (most common) Age-related (usually >50 years) Associated with posterior vitreous detachment (PVD) 2. Secondary Causes Reti

When does a hole qualify as a hole, and when is it not a hole? What is a macular pseudohole? A macular pseudohole is an optical illusion on retinal imaging where the center of the macula looks like a hole—but the retinal tissue is actually intact. What causes it? Most commonly caused by an epiretinal membrane (also called ERM)—a thin layer of scar tissue on the retinal surface that contracts and pinches the macula, creating a steep contour that mimics a hole. Pseudohole vs.

"Should I do my cataracts surgery (or other procedures) in a hospital or a surgery centre?" This is a common question our patients have, and is is not unexpected - since the cost can vary significantly. Service Scope A hospital provides a wide range of services including diagnostic radiology and emergency medicine, and would likely be more equipped to support complex cases. The hospital system is very important is providing holistic care - for instance a patient presenting wi

Minimally Invasive Glaucoma Surgery, or MIGS, is a safer, less invasive way to treat glaucoma in selected patients. It won’t cure glaucoma, but it can help control eye pressure and protect vision, often with fewer medications and quicker recovery. What is the purpose of MIGS? To lower the eye pressure, thus reducing the need for glaucoma eye drops, in a manner that causes less tissue damage as compared to traditional glaucoma surgery. How is this done? MIGS aims to improve th

There are two commonly used drugs for age-related macular degeneration, also known as AMD. Aflibercept (Eylea) Faricimab (Vabysmo) These two treatments contain anti-VEGF drugs - this blocks the vascular endothelial growth factor, which stops abnormal blood vessel growth and reduce fluid leakage and swelling. Vabysmo and Eylea can also be used for other eye conditions such as Diabetic Macular Oedema, Diabetic Retinopathy, and Oedema following a Retinal Vein Occlusion. Eylea m

Oh no it's a bump. Perhaps it's itchy, a little painful and tender to the touch? Differentiating between a style, hordeolum, and chalazion: The Stye A stye, or a hordeolum if you want to sound more professional, is caused by an acute bacterial infection, usually by the Staph bacteria. If this happens to an eyelash follicle, it is an external hordeolum. If this happens to a meibomian gland, it is an internal hordeolum (The meibomian glands sit on the inner side of your eyelid

The Ophthalmology Practice procures the Optopol PTS 2000, a top-of-the-line projection perimeter from Optopol that feature various test protocols depending on the needs of the patient's eye condition. The perimeter enables us to check for visual field defects, an especially important part of a glaucoma workup and part of glaucoma management. Visual field testing (perimetry) measures how well a person can see in their peripheral (side) vision while focusing on a central target

The Ophthalmology Practice is proud to announce the adoption of the Nidek Mirante - which can not only produce wide-field images of the retina, but also providew OCT (optical coherence tomography) imaging. This ensures patient comfort by using a modern non-invasive technique to look at the layers of the retina. The Nidek Mirante The ultrawide 163 degrees field-of-view allows viewing of a large portion of the retina layer at the back of the eye, together with the blood vessels

FFA (Fundus Fluorescein Angiography, also called Fluorescein Angiography or FA) and ICGA (Indocyanine Green Angiography, also called ICG Angiography) are specialised diagnostic imaging tests used in ophthalmology to evaluate the blood vessels in the back of the eye. They help diagnose and monitor conditions affecting the retina (the light-sensitive layer) and choroid (the vascular layer beneath the retina). An example of an FFA image - allowing us to see the blood vessels cle

The Ophthalmology Practice secures the Haag-Streit Eyestar 900 - featuring swept-source OCT technology that provides precise measurements of the entire eye, from the cornea to the retina and imaging of the anterior chamber, proven by studies . The Haag-Streit Eyestar 900 Swept-source OCT data is used for cataract surgery , and the Eyestar 900's measurements includes anterior and posterior corneal topography, dual zone precision keratometry, pachymetry, and lens tilt analysis.